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fm:messmethoden:mmb03:03d

MMB3d Richtlinien

Module MMB9 EMG Guidelines
Category Messmethoden Biomechanik
Author Filip Cengic
Requirements mmb03
Processing time ca. 45 Minuten
Last edit 8. Mai 2017
Status in Bearbeitung
Course Learning objectives


ToDo's
→ an SENIAM Richtlinien orientieren



Introduction

These guidelines correspond to the standards for surface electromyography induced by the European project „Surface EMG for non-invasive assessment of muscles“ (SENIAM). For further information, please check out their website.



Procedure

Human studies require special care to protect the interests and rights of the participating subjects. All participants must be informed about the aims, procedure and risks of a trial and agree to the procedure. An important part of this process is to clarify the preparative actions when placing EMG electrodes on the muscle surface.



Selected muscles

In this next section, the following muscles will be discussed into detail.

Region # Muscle
Hip/Upper leg 1 M. Gluteus Maximus
Hip/Upper leg 2 M. Rectus Femoris
Upper leg 3 M. Vastus Medialis
Upper leg 4 M. Vastus Lateralis
Hip/Upper leg 5 M. Biceps Femoris
Hip/Upper leg 6 M. Semitendinosus
Lower leg/foot 7 M. Tibialis Anterior
Lower leg/foot 8 M. Soleus
Lower leg/foot 9 M. Gastrocnemius Medialis
Lower leg/foot 10 M. Gastrocnemius Lateralis


Muscle 1: Gluteus Maximus
test


Muscle 2:



Positioning

test



MVC measurements (according to Konrad, 2005)

A major drawback of any EMG analysis is that the microvolt scaled values depend strongly on the given measuring conditions. One way to eliminate the confounding variability is the normalization of an amplitude value to a reference value, e.g. the innervation value of a maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). The major effect of all normalization routines is to rescale the amplitude from microvolts to percent of a selected reference value. It is important to understand that the amplitude normalization does not change the shape of the EMG curve, but only the Y-axis scale.

Before starting the experiment, static MVC contraction values for each muscle were recorded. The resulting MVC innervation level serves as a reference level for all subsequent measurements. In order to get valid results, it is important to fixate all involved body segments. After an initial warm-up, the subject in the MVC test position is prompted within 3-5 seconds to increase the force to the maximum and to hold it just as long. Afterwards the subject relaxes 3-5 seconds and repeats this cycle at least once after a 30- to 60-second pause. The order of exercises should subject-wise change to avoid systematic errors.

The major advantage of the MCV normalization is the creation of a uniform and valid reference. This allows a direct quantitative comparison of EMG values between individuals. Group values and normative data can be determined and verified statistically.



References

Hermens, H. J., Freriks, B., Merletti, R., Stegeman, D., Blok, J., Rau, G., Disselhorst- Klug, C., Hägg, G. (1999). European Recommendations for Surface Electromyography. Results of the SENIAM project. Enschede, The Netherlands: Roessingh Research and Development.

Konrad, P. (2005). EMG-Fibel. Eine praxisorientierte Einführung in die kinesiologische Elektromyographie. Jena, Germany: Department of Motion Science.



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